Determinants of the downward sloping segment of the EKC in high-income countries: The role of income inequality and institutional arrangement

Even among developed countries, each country has very different circumstances and political institutions regarding environmental issues. Moreover, the differences in individual attitudes about issues within national borders types of behaviors affect policy country. Therefore, contrast to Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, effect economic growth on degradation differs between high-income countries. Evidences show that is not only determinant change, particularly In this respect, paper examines existence EKC as well effects level institution relationship greenhouse gas (GHG) emission per capita income inequality; it does by using unbalanced data for 33 OECD countries from 1990 2014. The findings study inequality differentially affects GHG depending institution. hypothesis holds with a high institution, threshold positioned at lower stronger institutional arrangement, such also capita.